分词逻辑主语的用法及考题实例

分词逻辑主语的用法及考题实例

分词属非谓语动词，即不用作谓语的动词，所以它没有真正的主语。但是，分词作为动词的一种形式，它应有自己理论上或逻辑上的主语。如：

I found the girl sitting in the corner. 我发现这个女孩坐在角落里 (the girl 是sitting的逻辑主语)

Seeing this，some of us became worried. 看到这隋况，我们有些人着急起来。(some of us是seeing的逻辑主语)

值得特别指出的是，分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语通常应是句子主语，否则会出错。请看下例：

(1) Finding her car stolen, ________.

A. a policeman was asked to help

B. the area was searched thoroughly

C. it was looked for everywhere

D. she hurried to a policeman for help

此题答案应选D，因为句首用作状语的现在分词短语finding her car stolen 的逻辑主语应是“她”，而不是 a policeman, the area, it 等。

在使用分词的逻辑主语时还要注意根据句意判断是主动还是被动，如：

(2) ________ many times, he still didn’t understand it.

A. Having been told B. Though to be told

C. Having told D. He was told

根据句意，he 与 tell 应是被动关系。从时间上看，应该是“被告诉”在先，“没有理解”在后，故选A。比较下题由于句中用了并列连词but，情况有所不同：

(3) ________ many times, but he still didn’t understand it.

A. Having been told B. Though he was told

C. To have been told D. He was told

此题答案选D，句中的并列连词 but 表明整个句子为并列句，同时表明 but 前应是一个独立的句子，而不能是一个非谓语动词短语(所以不能选A或C)。